Bacterial Vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis is a common vaginal condition. Talk to an AHPRA-accredited online doctor or practitioners for expert advice, available 24/7.

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This guide does not replace professional care. In emergencies, call 000 or visit a hospital immediately.

About bacterial vaginosis

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is a common vaginal infection caused by an imbalance of bacteria in the vaginal microbiome. Normally, the vagina maintains a healthy balance of good and bad bacteria, but when harmful bacteria overgrow, it can lead to BV. The exact cause isn’t always clear, but risk factors include douching, new or multiple sexual partners, and a lack of lactobacilli (healthy bacteria) in the vagina. Symptoms of BV may include a thin, grayish-white vaginal discharge with a strong, fishy odour, especially after sex, along with mild irritation or itching. However, some women may not experience any noticeable symptoms. While BV is not a sexually transmitted infection (STI), it can increase the risk of contracting STIs and complications during pregnancy. If bacterial vaginosis symptoms persist or recur frequently, it’s important to see a doctor for proper diagnosis and treatment.

Medically reviewed by Dr. Ammar AL-ANI, MBChB, CCBST, AMC

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It is important to seek medical advice for bacterial vaginosis (BV) if symptoms persist, worsen, or frequently recur. You should consult a doctor if you experience:

  • Persistent symptoms: If unusual vaginal discharge, odour, or discomfort does not improve on its own or worsens over time.
  • Frequency: If it returns multiple times within a short period.
  • Strong, fishy odour: If the odour becomes more noticeable after intercourse or persists despite treatment.
  • Discomfort or irritation: If BV causes significant vaginal irritation, burning, or pain that affects daily life.
  • Pregnancy concerns: If you develop BV while pregnant, as untreated BV may increase the risk of complications.
  • Post-treatment symptoms: If symptoms do not improve after completing prescribed antibiotics.
  • High risk factors: If you have a weakened immune system or other underlying health conditions.

Bacterial vaginosis symptoms can vary, and some individuals may not experience any noticeable signs. The most common symptoms are:

  • Unusual vaginal discharge: Thin, watery, greyish-white discharge.
  • Strong fishy odour: More noticeable after intercourse.
  • Mild vaginal irritation: Some women may experience slight discomfort.
  • Itching or burning: Occasional mild irritation, but not severe.
  • No thick discharge: Unlike thrush, BV does not cause clumpy discharge.
  • Increased vaginal sensitivity: Some women report heightened sensitivity.
  • Burning sensation when urinating: In some cases, BV may cause mild discomfort while urinating.
  • Risk of complications: If untreated, BV can increase the risk of pelvic infections or pregnancy-related issues.

Bacterial vaginosis (BV) is usually mild and treatable, but if left unmanaged, it can lead to complications, especially in certain situations. Possible complications include:

  • Sexually transmitted infections (STIs): BV makes the vaginal environment more susceptible to infections such as chlamydia, gonorrhoea, herpes, and HIV.
  • Pregnancy complications: Pregnant women with BV have a higher risk of preterm birth, low birth weight babies, and infections after delivery.
  • Pelvic inflammatory disease (PID): BV can contribute to infections that spread to the uterus, fallopian tubes, and ovaries, potentially leading to infertility.
  • Post-surgical infections: Women with BV may be at a greater risk of developing infections after gynecological procedures like hysterectomy or abortion.
  • Recurrent infections: BV often recurs, requiring ongoing management to prevent discomfort and further complications.
Bacterial vaginosis is not classified as a sexually transmitted infection (STI), but sexual activity can influence its occurrence. BV can occur in individuals who are not sexually active, meaning it is not directly “caught” from others like a viral or bacterial infection. Instead, BV results from an imbalance of naturally occurring vaginal bacteria. Maintaining good vaginal hygiene and avoiding douching can help reduce the risk.
Bacterial vaginosis can be prevented by maintaining a healthy vaginal microbiome, avoiding douching, using unscented soaps and avoiding scented feminine hygiene products. Safe sex practices, such as using condoms, can reduce the risk of BV, especially for those with multiple or new sexual partners. Wearing breathable cotton underwear and avoiding excessive moisture in the genital area can also support vaginal health.
Bacterial vaginosis and thrush are both common vaginal conditions but have different causes and symptoms. BV is caused by an overgrowth of harmful bacteria, leading to a thin, greyish-white discharge with a fishy odour. In contrast, thrush is caused by an overgrowth of Candida yeast and results in thick, white, cottage cheese-like discharge with intense itching and irritation.
Bacterial vaginosis is not considered contagious in the way that infections like the flu or STIs are. However, it is more common in sexually active individuals and can be linked to sexual activity, particularly with new or multiple partners. While BV is not directly transmitted between partners, certain sexual activities can alter vaginal bacteria, increasing the likelihood of developing BV.

Yes, you can obtain an online prescription for bacterial vaginosis treatment from anywhere in Australia. Telehealth services allow you to consult with a licensed doctor who can assess your symptoms 24/7. Here’s a step-by-step guide to getting an eScript:

You can speak to an online doctor at your convenience and from the comfort of your home without any worry about the stigma related to certain conditions. Our licensed medical practitioners will provide expert medical advice within minutes. Here’s how you can speak to an online doctor for bacterial vaginosis:

  • Visit here and click on See a doctor now.
  • Choose the consultation type and fill in your details.
  • Make a payment and speak to an online doctor, and get medical advice within 15 minutes from anywhere in Australia.
  • If needed, sick certificates online and referrals will be sent via email, and online prescriptions via SMS.

Yes, Hola Health provides access to an after hours GP, including after-hours, weekends, and public holidays. If you need medical advice or a prescription for bacterial vaginosis outside of regular clinic hours, you can consult with an online doctor at your convenience.

Yes, if bacterial vaginosis symptoms are affecting your ability to work or attend daily activities, you can request a medical certificate through Hola Health. Our health practitioner will assess your condition and, if necessary, provide a valid medical certificate online for work, school or any other institution. Online medical certificates are legally recognised in Australia and can be sent directly to you via email.
A referral for bacterial vaginosis may be necessary if you experience recurrent infections, severe symptoms, or complications such as pelvic inflammatory disease (PID). In such cases, a general practitioner (GP) may refer you to a specialist or some pathology tests for further evaluation and specialised care. If you require a GP referral, an online doctor can provide one during your consultation, ensuring you receive appropriate follow-up care.

Trusted by 450,000 Aussies, we aim to provide quick telehealth solutions for patients who do not need to physically visit a GP. Connect with our registered doctors and healthcare practitioners 24/7 and within 15 minutes from anywhere. Here are some benefits of telehealth:

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  • General consults
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